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Chemical Structure and Biosynthesis Although dopaminergic neurons represent less than 1% of cell subtypes in the brain, dopamine embodies approximately 80% of catecholamines in the CNS, though this figure is an estimate and may vary depending on measurement methods 1 Dopamine is a catecholamine that is primarily synthesized by dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the brain, where this chemical messenger primarily functions as a neurotransmitter
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Phase 3 programs (e.g
For BPC-157 , the deepest non-musculoskeletal literature is gastrointestinal: cytoprotection of the stomach lining, ulcer healing, and effects on fistula and anastomosis healing in rodents, tied mechanistically to the nitric-oxide system
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